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Rumah gadang (Minangkabau: "big house") or rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau: "spired roof house") are the traditional homes ((インドネシア語:"rumah adat")) of the Minangkabau. The architecture, construction, internal and external decoration, and the functions of the house reflect the culture and values of the Minangkabau. A ''rumah gadang'' serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities. In the matrilineal Minangkabau society, the ''rumah gadang'' is owned by the women of the family who live there; ownership is passed from mother to daughter. The houses have dramatic curved roof structure with multi-tiered, upswept gables. Shuttered windows are built into walls incised with profuse painted floral carvings. The term ''rumah gadang'' usually refers to the larger communal homes, however, smaller single residences share many of its architectural elements.〔 In West Sumatra, traditional ''rumah gadang'' reflect the province’s Minangkabau people, and has become the symbol of West Sumatra and Minangkabau culture. Throughout the region, numerous buildings demonstrate the design elements of ''rumah gadang'', including genuine vernacular timber masonry structures built for customary ceremonies, to the more mundane modern structure like those of government offices and public facilities. Today, ''rumah gadang'' architectural elements, especially its ''gonjong'' horn-like curved roof can be found in modern structures, such as governor and regencies office buildings, marketplaces, hotels, facade of Padang restaurants and Minangkabau International Airport. An ''istano basa'', however, is the largest and most magnificent example of this traditional style. ==Background== Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world and since the time of Marco Polo has been referred to as the 'island of gold'. It is the most resource-rich island of Indonesia, including its tea, pepper and rubber plantations, and oil, tin and other mineral resources. Lying on the equator, Sumatra has a monsoonal climate and, although more rain falls between October and May, there is no extended rainless dry season. Despite large-scale deforestation, Sumatra still has millions of acres of unexploited rainforests that provide building materials. The great hardwood trees required for large scale construction are now, however, in strictly limited supply.〔 Sumatra is home to one of the most diverse range of peoples in the Southeast Asian archipelago.〔 This diversity is reflected in a range variety of often dramatic traditional homes known as ''rumah adat''. The most common housing forms have traditionally been wooden and raised on piles, built of locally gathered materials, with steeply pitched, roofs. In addition to the Minangkabau's ''rumah gadang'', the Batak of Lake Toba region build the boat-shaped ''jabu'' with dominating carved gables and dramatic oversize roofs, and the people of Nias build the fortified ''omo sebua'' houses on massive ironwood pillars with towering roof structures. The Minangkabau are indigenous to the highlands of central Sumatra. Their culture is matrilineal, with property and land being passed down from mother to daughter; religious and political affairs are the province of men. The Minangkabau are strongly Islamic, but also follow their own ethnic traditions, or ''adat''. Minangkabau ''adat'' was derived from animistic and Hindu-Buddhist beliefs before the arrival of Islam, and remnants of animistic beliefs exist even among some practicing Muslims. As such, women are customarily the property owners; husbands are only tolerated in the house at certain times and under special conditions and must return to their sisters' house to sleep. Complementing this practice is the custom of ''merantau'' whereby many of the men will travel far afield for work, returning only periodically to their village of origin. Money earned on these trips is remitted for the building of contemporary ''rumah adat''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「rumah gadang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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